Method for allocating storage area to virtual volume

ABSTRACT

A system for storing data includes a virtualization apparatus coupled to a computer and to a plurality of storage devices. In response to a request from the computer, the virtualization apparatus issues a notice that a predetermined size of a virtual volume has been allocated to the computer. Upon receiving an access request issued from the computer to the virtual volume, the virtualization apparatus allocates storage areas existing in the plurality of storage devices to the virtual volume, converts the access request received from the computer into an access request addressed to a storage device having the storage devices allocated to the virtual volume, and transmits the converted access request to the storage device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to a technique for allocating a storagearea of a storage system to a computer.

The switch that integrates a plurality of storage areas of a pluralityof storage systems and allows them to access a computer as one storagearea is disclosed in a patent document 1. According to the patentdocument 1, the switch is coupled to a plurality of storage systems anda host. The switch receives an access request from the host to anintegrated logical unit comprising a plurality of storage areas (logicalunits) of the plurality of storage systems. Thereafter, the switchconverts the access request received to an access request to a logicalunit in which data to be accessed is stored, and transmits the accessrequest thus converted to a storage system that has the logical unit.

On the other hand, a software technique, which, when the logical storagearea allocated to a computer is extended, recognizes the extension ofstorage area at the part of a computer, is disclosed in a non-patentdocument 1.

Meanwhile, the patent document 1 implies the Japanese Patent Laid-openNo. 2000-242434, and the non-patent document 1 implies the “LVMHOWTO9.9” which appears in the URL“http://www.linux.org/docs/ldp/howto/LVM-HOWTO/x592.html”.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To expand the size of a storage area allocated to a computer, softwareto enable the computer to recognize expansion of the storage area sizeis required as shown in the non-patent document 1. Therefore, in asystem wherein a computer is coupled to a storage system and thecomputer uses data stored in a storage area by accessing the storagearea in the storage system, if the size of the storage area (accessiblefrom the computer) allocated to the computer is to be modified, it isnecessary to pre-install the software in the computer.

However, if a plurality of computers are coupled to the storage system,it is necessary to add the software to all of such computers, andfurther, if such plurality of computers differ in their types, softwareassociated with each type must be installed. Furthermore, when anoperating system used for a computer is upgraded, it is necessary toupdate associating software, following the upgrade of the OS version.Accordingly, pre-installing software for the purpose of allowing thecomputer to recognize the size extension of a storage area results inincreased management burdens and higher costs.

Now, the reason why the size of a storage area allocated to a computeris that data volume to be handled by the computer will increase and thenecessary storage capacity will not be ensured by the initiallyallocated storage area. Therefore, when a large-size storage area isinitially allocated to the computer, such capacity shortage will notoccur and it is not necessary to expand the size of storage areaallocated to the computer, thus eliminating necessity to pre-install theabove-stated software in the computer. With such arrangement, however,when the computer is not using such a large volume of data, a free areawill occur in the storage area allocated to the computer, thus causing awasted storage area.

Given this situation, a system that enables to effectively allocate astorage area to a computer will be disclosed as follows:

The system has a virtualization apparatus to be coupled to a computerand a plurality of storage devices to be coupled to the virtualizationapparatus. The virtualization apparatus issues a notification,responding to a request from the computer, that a predetermined size ofvirtual volume has been allocated to the computer. Upon receiving arequest to access the virtual volume from the computer, thevirtualization apparatus allocates storage areas that exist in aplurality of storage devices to a virtual volume, converts the accessrequest received from the computer to an access request that isaddressed to a storage device having the storage area allocated to thevirtual volume, and then transmits the converted access request to thestorage device.

According to the present invention, a storage area can be effectivelyallocated to a computer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of overall configuration of asystem to which the present invention is applied;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of internal configuration of avirtualization switch 11;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a processing procedure for I/O request ofa control unit 210 according to a first preferred embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an outlined procedure for data relocationaccording to a second preferred embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a processing procedure for I/O request ofa control unit 210 according to a third preferred embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of formatting process accordingto the third preferred embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a processing procedure for I/O request ofa control unit 210 according to a fourth preferred embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a releasing process of a real region 132according to the fourth preferred embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a free space management table 225 accordingto a sixth preferred embodiment; and

FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing a processing procedures for I/O requestof a control unit 210 according to the sixth preferred embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present inventionwill be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted,however, that the present invention is not limited to the preferredembodiments described hereunder.

[First Embodiment]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of overall configuration of asystem to which the present invention is applied.

The system comprises at least one host processor 12, at least onestorage device 13, a virtualization switch 11 and a management console14.

The host processor 12 is a computer that uses data stored in the storagedevice 13. The host processor 12 may be a file server, which has afunction to provide other computers that are not coupled to thevirtualization switch 11 with a storage area provided by thevirtualization switch 11.

The storage device 13 is a storage unit or a storage system. Here, astorage device shall imply a single storage device such as a hard diskor a DVD drive, and a storage system shall imply a storage sub-systemwhich has a control unit or a disk device or disk devices such as one ora plurality of hard disk drives that are coupled to the control unit,and the control unit controls inputs and outputs to each disk device.Note that, however, that the storage system may be a disk array systemin which a plurality of hard disk drive has a RAID configuration.

The storage device 13 has at least one logical unit (hereinafterreferred to as an “LU”) 131. The LU 131 is a logical storage area thatis configured with physical storage areas in the storage device 13. Foran equipment coupled to the storage device 13 such as the hostprocessor, the LU 131 is recognized as a logically independent storagedevice.

In addition, the LU 131 is configured with a plurality of partiallogical storage areas (hereinafter referred to as “real regions”) 132.Each of the real regions 132 is associated with a physical storage areain the storage device 13. Size of the real region 132 is random, and thereal region 132 is an area that has a series of addresses.

The virtualization switch 11 is coupled to another device (the hostprocessor 13, the management console 14 or the storage device 13) via acommunication line or a switch as illustrated, and the switch enablescommunication with other devices. Further, the virtualization switch 11is a virtualization device which collectively manages one or a pluralityof storage areas in one or a plurality of storage device 13 that iscoupled to the virtualization switch 11 as one storage area. Collectivemanagement of one or a plurality of storage areas in one or a pluralityof storage devices as one storage area shall be referred to as“virtualization”. The virtualization switch 11, upon receiving a requestto access a virtualized storage area from the host processor 12,identifies a storage area, in the storage device 13, that is associatedwith the virtualized storage area, converts the access request thusreceived to an access request to the identified storage area, andtransmits the converted access request to the storage device 13. Theprocess of an access request to a virtualized storage area by receivingan access request to a virtualized storage area and transmitting anaccess request to a storage area, in the storage device 13, that isassociated with for the storage area shall be referred to as “providinga virtualized storage area”.

With a communication line or a switch that is used between thevirtualization switch 11 and the host processor 12, and between thevirtualization switch 11 and the storage device 13, a protocol such as afibre channel is used, provided that such communication line or switchto be used may be a communication line or a protocol that is used for alocal area network, etc.

The virtualization switch 11 is coupled between the host processor 12and the storage device 13 and has a function to transfer a commandissued by the host processor 12 to the storage device 13. Incidentally,a virtual storage area that is provided by the virtualization switch 11to the host processor 12 (i.e., a storage area virtualized by thevirtualization switch) shall be referred to hereunder as a virtualvolume 100.

The virtual volume 100 is associated with at least one real region 132by the virtualization switch 11. The virtualization switch 11 is capableof providing a plurality of virtual volumes 100 to the host processor12, etc. Each of the virtual volumes 100 is provided with a uniqueidentifier (hereinafter referred to as a “virtual volume identifier”)within the virtualization switch 11 which is provided to identifyvirtual volumes. In addition, a storage area of each virtual volume 100is provided with a series of addresses (hereinafter also referred to as“virtual addresses”). The host processor 12 designates a virtual addresswhich indicates a virtual volume identifier and a location in thevirtual volume 100, instead of directly designating the real region 132in the LU 131 of the storage device 13, and issues an access request.The virtualization switch 11 identifies, on the virtual volumeidentifier and the virtual address, a real region 132 associatedtherewith in the LU 131, and issues a request for access to theidentified real region 132. Consequently, the host processor 12 isenabled to use data that is stored in the real region 132 of the storagedevice 13 by using a virtual volume identifier and a virtual addressthat indicates a storage area in the virtual volume 100.

The management console 14 is a computer that is used by a systemadministrator to create (or set up) the virtual volume 100 and isprovided with a display unit and an input device. The management console14 is coupled with the virtualization switch 11 via a network.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of internal configuration of avirtualization switch 11.

The virtualization switch 11 has an input port 240, an output port 250,a transfer unit 230, a control unit 210 and a storage unit 220.

The input port 240 is to be coupled with a communication line that isused by the virtualization switch 11 to communicate with the hostprocessor 12. The output port is to be coupled with a communication linethat is used by the virtualization switch 11 to communicate with thestorage device 13. Note that a device configuring the input port 240 anda device configuring the output port 250 may be the same hardware. Inthis case, a user will choose which port should be used as an input portor an output port. The virtual switch 11 has one or a plurality of inputports 240 and one or a plurality of output ports 250.

The transfer unit 230 has a memory and stores a transfer informationtable 231 in the memory. In the transfer information table 231,information on a matching relationship between the input port 240 andthe host processor 12 that can communicate with the virtualizationswitch 11 via the input port 240, and between the output port 250 andthe storage device 13 that can communicate with the virtualizationswitch 11 via the output port 250 is stored.

The transfer unit 230 transfers, by referring to the transferinformation table 231, an I/O request received by the input port 240from the host processor 12 to the output port that is used forcommunication between the storage device 13 to which the request istransferred and the virtualization switch 11. Further, the transfer unit230 transfers answering information or data that is received by theoutput port 250 from the storage device 13 to the input port 240 that isused for communication between the host processor 12 which shouldreceive such data, etc. and the virtualization switch 11. Incidentally,the I/O request received from the host processor 12 may be an I/Orequest to the virtual volume 100, to transmit the I/O request to thestorage device 13 which will be chosen as a result of executing anaccess conversion program 212 (to be described later) by the controlunit 210. In this case, the transfer unit 230 transfers the I/O requestto the output port 250 that is used for communication with the storagedevice 13.

The control unit 210 has a processor and a memory. The memory storestherein a virtual volume definition program 211, an access conversionprogram 212 and an allocation processing program 213. These programs areexecuted on the processor of the control unit 210.

The storage unit 220 stores a virtual volume management table 221, areal region management table 222 and an access conversion table 224.

The access conversion table 224 exists for each virtual volume 100 thatis provided by the virtualization switch 11 to the host processor 12.The access conversion table 224 stores one or a plurality of entries 331and an entry 332 that registers a virtual volume identifier associatedwith the virtual volume 100. In each entry 331, a virtual address areathat indicates a storage area in the virtual volume 100, an LU addresswhich is an identifier to designate the LU 131 to which the appropriatereal region 132 for the virtual address area belongs, and an in-LUaddress which indicates a location of such real region 132 in the LU 131are associated each other and are registered. More specifically, theaccess conversion table 224 stores matching information on a virtualaddress that is used to designate a storage area in the virtual volume100 and an address that is used to designate a storage area in thestorage device 13.

Note that, when such a storage area that the real region 132 is notallocated in the virtual volume 100 exists, a symbol “−1” whichindicates that a real region 132 is not allocated as an LU address, or asymbol “−1” which similarly indicates that a real region 132 is notallocated as an in-LU address is registered. The access conversion table224 is updated by the control unit 210 when the configuration of astorage area of the virtual volume 100 is modified, or morespecifically, a modification is made to the real region 132 which isassociated with a storage area in the virtual volume 100. The controlunit 210 executes the access conversion program 212, and, by referringto the access conversion table 224, converts the I/O request to thevirtual volume 100 that is received from the host processor 12 to an I/Orequest to the LU 131 of the associated storage device 13. In additionthe control unit 210 notifies the storage device 13 having the LU 131which is the target of the converted I/O request to the transfer unit230. Accordingly, the transfer unit 230 will transfer the converted I/Orequest via the transfer information table 231 to the output port 250that is coupled to the storage device 13 to which the notification isissued.

Incidentally, a matching LU 131 may not exist in the storage area in thevirtual volume 100 that is designated by the I/O request received fromthe host processor. In other words, a real region may have not beenallocated yet to the storage area in the virtual volume 100 and thesymbol “−1” has been registered in the entry 331 of the accessconversion table 224 as an LU address and an in-LU address. In thiscase, the control unit 210 executes the virtual volume definitionprogram 211, and then executes the process to modify the definition ofthe virtual volume 100.

To attain further performance improvement, the virtualization switch 11may be provided with the access conversion table 224 and the accessconversion program 221 for each input port 240. The real regionmanagement table 222 exists for each LU 131. The real region managementtable 222 is a table used to manage the real region 132 that iscontained in the LU 131. In each real region management table 222, astorage device ID 321 an LU address 322 and a real region list 324 arestored.

The storage device ID 321 is an identifier to represent the storagedevice 13 that has the LU 131. The LU address 322 is an identifier ofsuch LU 131.

The real region list 324 has at least one entry 325. Each entry 325 isprovided in association with each particular real region 132 which makesup the LU 131 and has items to register information on a real region ID,a size of real region and a virtual volume identifier. The real regionID is an identifier to identify the real region 132 which associateswith the entry 325 and the size is a size of the real region 132.Further, the virtual volume identifier to be registered in the entry 325is a virtual volume identifier to identify the virtual volume 100 towhich the real region 132 is allocated. The entry 325 in the real regionlist 324 is arranged in the order of addresses of the real region 132.

It should be noted that, since the embodiment assumes that the size ofthe real region 132 is fixed, an item to register the size of the realregion 132 may not be contained in the entry 325. Further, for theunused real region 132, the term “null” that represents the region isunused is registered in the item for registering virtual volumeidentifiers of the entry 325.

As stated in the above, the real region management table 222 storesinformation that indicates whether each real region 132 belonging to theLU 131 is used as the virtual volume 100, and the information is usedwhen the virtualization switch 11 is selecting the real region 132 whichis newly allocated to the virtualization volume 100.

It should be noted that the real region management table 222 is createdbased on an instruction by the administrator to be given via themanagement console 14 at such timing that the storage device 13 iscoupled to the virtualization switch 11, for example. Further, at thistime, the LU 131, storage capacity of the real region 132 which makes upthe LU 131, etc. are determined. It should also be noted that, at apoint of time when the real region management table 222 is created, anidentifier to be uniquely determined in the virtualization switch 11 iswritten in the real region ID for all entries 325, and “null” is set upwith a virtual volume identifier.

The virtual volume management table 221 exists in each virtual volume100. In each virtual volume management table 221, an identifier entry311 and a real region list 315 are stored. In the identifier entry 311,a virtual volume identifier of the virtual volume 100 that associateswith the virtual volume management table 221 is registered. The realregion list 315 is a list that shows which real region 132 has beenallocated to the virtual volume 100 associated with the virtual volumemanagement table 221. In the real region list 315, the matching entries317 of the real region 132 are arranged in the order of virtualaddresses on the virtual volume 100, and in each entry 317, real regionIDs of the real region 132 associated with virtual addresses are stored.Out of such virtual volumes 100, in an entry 317 which is relevant to astorage area to which the real region 312 has not been allocated, a“null” value representing a free space is stored instead of theeffective real region ID 317.

As stated in the above, the virtual volume management table 221 storesinformation that shows with which real region 132 the storage area ofthe virtual volume 100 is associated, and is used when thevirtualization switch 11 is used to select the real region 132 that canbe released.

Hereinafter, storage area allocation processes executed by thevirtualization switch 11 according to the embodiment will be described.

The control unit 210 creates or modifies the definition of the virtualvolume 100 by executing the virtual volume definition program 211. Thecontrol unit 210, upon receiving a request for creating the virtualvolume 100 from the system administrator via the management console 14,executes the virtual volume definition program 211 and newly creates thevirtual volume management table 221 and the access conversion table 224.In this case, the control unit 210 creates a virtual volume identifierwhich is not redundant with other virtual volumes 100 that has alreadybeen created, stores the identifier in the identifier entry 311 of thevirtual volume management table 221, and initialize the real region list315 by setting up a null value in each entry 317 in the real region list315. As stated in the above, right after the creation of the virtualvolume 100, the real region 132 is not associated with the virtualvolume 100. Therefore, at this time, the control unit 210 registers thevirtual volume identifier of such virtual volume 100 in the entry 332even in the access conversion table 224 associated with the virtualvolume 100 to be defined by the newly created virtual volume managementtable 221. However, in the LU address and the address in the LU of theentry 331, the control unit 210 registers a null value “−1” toinitialize the access conversion table 224.

As stated in the above, if the volume management table 221 and theaccess conversion table 224 are already initialized, when the hostprocessor 12 is coupled to the virtualization switch 11 and issues acommand to detect a storage area to the virtualization switch 11, thecontrol unit 210 of the virtualization switch 11 notifies (the hostprocessor 12) that information showing the virtual volume 100 having apredetermined size is accessible from the host processor 12. Theinformation to be notified by the control unit 210 to the host processor12 contains a virtual volume identifier and the (predetermined) size ofvirtual volume. However, the status will be such that the real region132 which is a logical storage of the storage device 13 has not beenallocated actually to the virtual volume 100. The virtualization switch11, then, allocates the real region 132 to the virtual volume 100 atsuch timing that it receives a request for writing data issued by thehost processor 12, etc. As a result, since, when a computer actuallyissues an access request to a storage device, it is possible to allocatethe real region 132 to the computer, and it is not required to allocatethe real region 132 to the computer in advance by allowing sufficientcapacity, thus enabling to eliminate waste in the storage area to beallocated to the computer.

When the real region 132 is allocated to the virtual volume 100, thecontrol unit 210 modifies the virtual volume management table 221according to a request for data writing, etc. from the host processor12. In this case, the control unit 210 first allocates the real region132 to the virtual volume 100, and then updates the access conversiontable 224. It should be noted that, actually, if the destination of anI/O request received from the input port 240 is the virtual volume 100,the transfer unit 230 transfers the I/O request to the control unit 210.The control unit 210 executes such processes described below as shown inFIG. 3 for the I/O request transmitted. Further, after completing theprocesses in FIG. 3, the control unit 210 transmits information on thedestination of the I/O request thus converted to the transfer unit 230,and the transfer unit 230 transfers the I/O request to each storagedevice 13 based on the information.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing an example of processing proceduresperformed when the control unit 210 receives an I/O request from thehost processor 12.

First, the control unit 210 judges whether an I/O request to the virtualvolume 100 that is received from the host processor 12 is a writerequest (Step 2001).

If the I/O request from the host processor 12 is a write request, thecontrol unit 210 checks, by referring to the access conversion table224, if the real region 132 is associated with the virtual address ofthe virtual volume designated by the write request (Step 2002).

If the real region 132 associated with the virtual address of thedesignated virtual volume 100 is not registered in the access conversiontable 224 (i.e. if “−1” is registered in the entry 331, associated withthe virtual volume identifier and the virtual address that are containedin the I/O request, of the access conversion table 224 as an LU addressand an address in the LU), the control unit 210 executes the virtualvolume definition program 211 to execute definition modifying processesof the virtual volume 100.

More specifically, the control unit 210 allocates the real region 132 inthe virtual address area of the virtual volumes designated by the I/Orequest. For this purpose, the control unit first retrieves the realregion management table 222 to retrieve an unused real region 132 (i.e.a real region 132 with which a “null” value is registered in the entry325 of the real region management table 222 as a virtual volumeidentifier). The control unit 210 then allocates the unused real region132 thus retrieved to the storage area associated with the virtualaddress of the virtual volume 100 designated by the I/O request. Inother words, the control unit 210, in the real region management table222, registers a virtual volume identifier contained in the I/O requestin the entry 325 associated with the unused real region 132 concerned,and registers a real region ID of the unused real region 132 thusretrieved with the entry 315 of the virtual volume management table 221associate with the virtual volume identifier contained in the I/Orequest. Further, the control unit 210, in the access conversion table224, registers an LU address and an address in the LU of the unused realregion 132 thus retrieved with the entry 331 associated with the virtualvolume identifier and the virtual address that are contained in the I/Orequest.

It should be noted that, if the storage capacity of the unused realregion 132 thus retrieved is insufficient for the virtual address areaof the virtual volume 100 to be designated in the I/O request, thecontrol unit 210 further retrieves the free (unused) real region 132until the storage capacity satisfies the virtual address area (Step2006).

Following the process Step 2006, or if it is judged in Step 2002 thatthe real region 132 associated with the virtual address of the virtualvolume designated in the I/O request has been registered, or if it isjudged in Step 2001 that the request is not a write request, then thecontrol unit 210, by referring to the access conversion table 224,converts the I/O request for the virtual address of the virtual volume100 received from the host processor 12 to an I/O request to the realregion 132 of the LU 131 of the associating storage device 13 (Step2009), and terminates the process.

It should be noted that the control unit 210 delivers the converted I/Orequest to the transfer unit 230, and the transfer unit 230, byreferring to the transfer information table 231 based on the storagedevice 13 which is the destination of the converted I/O request,transmits the converted I/O request to the storage device 13 via theoutput port 250.

As described in the above, process of step 2006 shown in FIG. 3 enables,when data is being written to the virtual volume 100, to actuallyallocate to the virtual volume 100 the real region 132 associated withthe storage area on the virtual volume to which the data is written.Accordingly, the computer recognizes that a large-capacity storage area(virtual volume) is allocated from the very beginning of initialization,but, actually, it is needed only to allocate the real region 132 havingthe capacity required by the computer in advance, and such arrangementmakes it possible to efficiently allocate a storage area.

[Second Embodiment]

Next, a second preferred embodiment according to the present inventionwill be described.

With the first embodiment, no consideration is given to a case where thereal region 132 is first allocated to a virtual volume, and then thedata stored in the real region 132 will not be used anymore. In thisconnection, in the second embodiment, consideration will be given to anarrangement, in addition to the arrangement employed in the firstembodiment, in which allocation of the real region 132 that is not usedany more to the virtual volume 100 will be ceased (hereinafter referredto as “released”).

In the embodiment, a defrag processing program 214 is stored in thememory of the control unit 210, in addition to the configuration of thefirst embodiment. The control unit 210 receives a defrag initiationinstruction issued by the system administrator via the managementconsole 14, executes the defrag processing program 214 to re-arrangedata such as files stored in the virtual volume 100.

More specifically, the control unit 210 reads management information ofa file system stored in the storage device 13. The managementinformation is an aggregate of virtual address lists that show thelocation on the virtual volume 100 in which data of each file stored inthe file system is arranged. Then, the control unit 210, based on themanagement information of the file system thus read, modifies thearrangement by copying the data in a free area in the real region 132and rewriting the virtual address stored in the management informationfrom a value indicating the copy source to a value indicating the copydestination so that the data stored in the real region 132 can be storedin a series of storage areas in the virtual volume as much as possible.It should be noted that, in the embodiment, to prevent data corruptioncaused by applying the re-arrangement process, it is necessary that thesystem administrator should unmount the file system which is supposed touse the virtual volume 100 concerned before giving the defrag initiationinstruction.

Thereafter, the control unit 210 identifies the virtual address area ofthe storage area, among the storage areas of the virtual volume 100, towhich allocation of the real region 132 becomes unnecessary, andreleases the real region 132 associated with the identified virtualaddress range. More specifically, for all files, the storage areas onthe virtual volume 100 in which the data is stored are known from themanagement information of the file system. Therefore, the control unit210 retrieves the real region 132 which is allocated to the storage areaon the virtual volume 100 except such storage areas and those storageareas on the virtual volume 100 in which the management informationitself is stored, and releases the real region 132 that is identified bysuch retrieval. At this time, the control unit 210 registers a “null”value with the entry 317, in the virtual volume management table 221regarding the virtual volume 100 concerned, in which a real region ID ofthe real region 132 to be released is registered. In addition, thecontrol unit 210 further registers “−1” as an LU address and an addressin the LU, with the entry 331, in the access conversion table 224 thatis related to the virtual volume 100 concerned, in which an address inthe LU showing the location of the real region 132 to be released in theLU 131. Further, the control unit 210 also updates the real regionmanagement table 222, and registers a “null” value as a virtual volumeidentifier of the entry 325 in which the real region ID of the realregion 132 to be released is registered.

FIG. 4 shows the concept of a procedure for identifying the real region132 that is unnecessary to be allocated to the virtual volume andbecomes releasable, in the second embodiment.

FIG. 4 exemplifies the file arrangement in the virtual volume 100 and amatching relationship between the virtual volume 100 and the real region132; FIG. 4(1) shows an example of a status before the defrag processingprogram 214 of the control unit 210 is executed, whereas FIG. 4(2) showsan example of a status after the defrag processing program 214 has beenexecuted.

In FIG. 4(1), three files (File A, File B and File C) are stored in theillustrated range of the storage area of the virtual volume 100. Thedata of the File A is divided and stored in a storage area 501 a 1 and astorage area 501 a 2 in the virtual volume 100A. The data of the File Bis stored in a storage area 501 b. The data of the File C is stored in astorage area 501 c. On the other hand, two real regions 132 (a realregion 132-1 and a real region 132-2) are associated with theillustrated range of the storage area of the virtual volume 100.

Here, the control unit 210 re-arranges the Files A, B and C, byexecuting the defrag processing program 214, so that these files can bestored in the order of addresses in a sequential storage areas in thevirtual volume 100.

Accordingly, after the re-arrangement, data of the File A is arranged inthe storage area 501 a 1 and the storage area 501 a 2, data of the FileB is arranged in the storage area 501 b and data of the File C is in thestorage area 501 c sequentially starting from the left (an addresslocated to the left side is supposed to be smaller) of the storage areaof the virtual volume 100 as shown in FIG. 4(2). As a result, anaggregate mass of free space appears next to the storage area 501 c. Itis not necessary to allocate the real region 132 in advance in the freespace on the virtual volume. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG.4(2), it is possible to release the real region 132-2 associated withthe free space on the virtual volume.

The control unit 210 retrieves the real region 132 associated with thefree space on the virtual volume that appeared after executing thedefrag processing program 214 from the virtual volume management table221. In other words, the control unit 210 retrieves the virtual volumemanagement table 211 to find out a real region corresponding to thevirtual address area in the free space, and releases the real region 132thus found out. More specifically, the control unit 210 deletes the realregion ID of the real region 132 to be released from the virtual volumemanagement table 221, registers a “null” value with the entry 317 withwhich the real region ID was previously registered. The control unit 210then eliminates a virtual volume identifier, in the real regionmanagement table 222, which was associated with the real region 132 tobe released, and sets a new “null” value to the entry 325 with which thevirtual volume identifier was previously registered. Further, thecontrol unit 210 eliminates identification information (an LU address)of the LU 131 to which the real region 132 to be released belongs andposition information (an address in the LU) of the real region 132 to bereleased in the LU 131, both of which are registered in the accessconversion table 224, and sets “−1” instead for the information.

[Third Preferred Embodiment]

Next, a third preferred embodiment according to the present inventionwill be described.

In the first embodiment, the size of the real region 132 to be allocatedto the virtual volume 100 is fixed. However, for the request for writingdata based on a predetermined process, e.g., formatting process, awriting process that uses a comparatively small portion of a storagearea will occur. When the fixed-size real region 132 is allocated to thevirtual volume 100 as is the case in other embodiments, there will bewaste in the allocated storage area. Taken the above into consideration,in the embodiment, the real region 132 that is appropriate to theprocess will be allocated to the virtual volume 100.

In the embodiment, in addition to the configuration of the firstembodiment, a format processing program 215 is stored in the memory ofthe control unit 210. In addition, the entry 317 of the virtual volumemanagement table 221 contains information indicating the size of theassociating real region 132. Further, unlike the first embodiment, thesize of the real region 132 contained in the entry 325 of the realregion management table 222 will not be omitted in the embodiment. Thereason why the size is included in the entry 317 of the virtual volumemanagement table 221 and the entry 325 of the real region managementtable 222 is to improve allocation efficiency by making the size of thereal region 132 variable as stated above.

The control unit 210, by executing the format processing program 215,initializes the file system which uses the virtual volume 100 in placeof the host processor, or erases all files and directories on the filesystem, and establishes a state that enables creating files anddirectories anew. At this time, the control unit 210 issues an I/Orequest for writing management data called “meta-data” in the virtualvolume 100 to the control unit 210 itself. Note that, the control unit210 includes a special value, specifically 0xFFFF00, indicating thecontrol unit 210 itself in the transmission source address(specifically, Port ID of Fibre channel) of the I/O request. The size ofthe meta-data to be written at this time is not so large, but, since themeta-data is written at a regular interval in the storage of the virtualvolume 100, if the size of the virtual volume 100 is not large, muchmeta-data will be written at a regular interval in one virtual volume.Consequently, when the real region 132 which is larger than themeta-data size is allocated each time the meta-data is written in thevirtual volume concerned, an unused area in which no data is writtenwill occur within the real region 132 that is allocated to the virtualvolume. Thus, the allocation efficiency of the real region 132 will bedeteriorated. Making the size of the real region 132 variable isperformed to prevent the allocation efficiency from being deteriorated.

It should be noted that the format processing program 215 is executedbased on an instruction issued via the management console 14 from theadministrator, etc., or based on an instruction from the host processor12.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an example of processing procedures ofthe control unit 210 in the third embodiment, describing the case wherean I/O request is received from the host processor 12, or the case wherean I/O request is created by the control unit 210 itself.

The processing procedures include, in addition to the processingprocedures of the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 3, processes tojudge whether an I/O request is based on the formatting process (Step2003), and processes to modify the size of the real region 132 to beallocated to the virtual volume 100 when the I/O request is based on theformatting process (Step 2004). Note that, however, processes of otherSteps are similar to those of the first embodiment, and the processeswill not be described herein.

When the I/O request to be processed is a write request (the case of “Y”in Step 2001) and the real region 132 that is associated with a virtualaddress of the virtual volume 100 designated by the I/O request is notregistered in the access conversion table 224 (the case of “N” in Step2002), the control unit 210 judges whether the I/O request is based onthe formatting process or not.

More specifically, if the I/O request is created by the control unit 210itself by executing the format processing program 215, that is, if thetransmission source address of the I/O request is a value (0xFFFF00)indicating the control unit 210 itself), the control unit 210 judges theI/O request is based on the formatting process, or otherwise, if the I/Orequest is received from the host processor 12, the control unit 210judges the I/O request is not based on the formatting process (Step2003).

When the I/O request to be processed is based on the formatting process,the control unit 210 designates the size of the real region 132 to beallocated to the virtual volume 100 to be 1/32 of the size of the realregion 132 to be allocated to the virtual volume 100 at the time ofwriting other data. The divisor can be determined randomly by the systemadministrator. Alternatively, the control unit 210 may directlydesignate the size of the real region 132 to be allocated to the virtualvolume 100 when an I/O request based on the formatting process isavailable.

Further, the control unit 210 retrieves the unused real region 132 fromthe real region management table 222 in the similar way to Step 2006shown in FIG. 3. At this time, if there is no free real region 132having the designated size, the control unit 210 repeats a process todivide a larger real region 132 into two parts until the unused realregion 132 having the designated size is created. The control unit 210,upon finding an unused real region 132 having the designated size,allocates the real region 132 to a virtual volume, and updates theaccess conversion table 224, the real region management table 222 andthe virtual volume management table 221 in the similar way to thatdescribed for Step 2006 in FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of formatting process accordingto the third embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows matching relationship between the meta-data arrangement ofthe virtual volume 100 and the real region 132. FIG. 6(1) shows the casewhere the size of the real region 132 is fixed, while FIG. 6(2) showsthe case where the size of the real region 132 is variable.

In both FIGS. 6(1) and 6(2), two meta-data 502 are written for thevirtual volume 100.

In FIG. 6(1), since the size of the real region 132 is fixed, it isnecessary that the control unit 210 should allocate a real region 132-1for writing first meta-data and a real region 13202 for writing secondmeta-data to the virtual volume. As shown in FIG. 6(1), if the size ofthe meta-data 502 is smaller than that of the real region 132, a freespace in which data will not actually be written will appear in the realregion allocated to the virtual volume 100, thus impeding effective useof the storage area.

On the other hand, in FIG. 6(2), since the size of the real region 132is not limited to one and is variable, to write the first meta-data, thereal region 132-1 which is smaller than the real region of FIG. 6(1),and to write the second-meta-data, the real region 132-2 which islikewise smaller than the real region of FIG. 6(2) are allocated to thevirtual volume 100 when the formatting process is executed. As for otherparts of the virtual volume 100, a real region 132-3 or a real region132-4 can simply be allocated when a data write request is actuallyissued by the host processor. Accordingly, as compared to the case ofFIG. 6 (1), a free space is less likely to appear in the real regionallocated to the virtual volume.

As stated above, in Step 2004 of FIG. 5, by reducing the size of thereal region 132 to be allocated to the virtual volume 100, it ispossible to lower the probability to cause a free storage area that willnot actually be used in the real region 132 allocated to the virtualvolume 100, thus enabling efficient allocation of a storage area.

[Fourth Embodiment]

Next, a fourth preferred embodiment according to the present inventionwill be described.

In the embodiment, as is the case with the second embodiment, thecontrol unit 210 retrieves and releases the releasable real region 132among real regions 132 that are once allocated to the virtual volume100, provided that, in the embodiment, the control unit 210 uses loginformation in a journaled file system for the purpose of releasing thereal region.

In the embodiment, a journaled file system is used in the host processor12. Further, in the embodiment, in addition to the configuration of thefirst embodiment, a journal analysis program 216 is stored in the memoryof the control unit 210, and an entry 318 to register a virtual addressarea of a journal area therewith and an entry 319 to register aduplicated copy of meta-data therewith are contained in the virtualvolume management table 221.

In the embodiment, the control unit 210 executes the journal analysisprogram 216 to analyze information written in a journal area arranged inthe virtual volume 100, and releases the real region 132 if anyreleasable real region 132 is available.

The control unit 210 refers to the entry 318, in the virtual volumemanagement table 221, with which a virtual address range of a journalarea is registered to judge if an I/O request is a request for writingin the journal area. If the virtual volume 100 is not formatted as ajournaled file system, the virtual address area entry 318 in the journalarea in the virtual volume management table 221 is empty (i.e. a “null”value is registered with the entry 318 concerned). When the virtualvolume 100 is being initialized as a journaled file system, theadministrator writes the virtual address range in the virtual volume, inwhich a journal of the journaled file system is stored, in the entry 318of the virtual volume management table 221 via the management console14. Alternatively, the virtual address range in a virtual volume inwhich a journal is to be stored may be written in the entry 318 of thevirtual volume management table 211 when the format processing program(which is stored in the memory of the control unit 210) of the journaledfile system is executed by the control unit 210.

The duplicated entry 319 of meta-data in the virtual volume managementtable 211 is used when the control unit 210 stores a duplicated copy ofmeta-data to be stored in the virtual volume 100.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart, according to the fourth preferred embodiment,showing an example of processing procedures that are executed by thecontrol unit 210 which accepted an I/O request.

In the process, in addition to process shown in FIG. 3 for the firstembodiment, the control unit 210 executes a process to judge whether anI/O request is for writing in a journal area (Step 2007) and a processto release a releasable real region 132 (Step 2008).

In Step 2007, the control unit 210 judges whether the write request tobe processed is a request for writing in a journal area. At this time,the control unit 210 judges whether the write request is a request forwriting in the journal area based on the point whether thewrite-destination address contained in the write request is contained inthe virtual address range registered with the entry 318 of the virtualvolume management table 221. If the write-destination address is in thevirtual address range registered with the entry 318 of the virtualvolume management table 221, the write request should be a write requestfor the journal area, and the process advances to processing by thejournal analysis program 216, or Step 2008.

In Step 2008, the control unit 210 executes the journal analysis program216 to analyze information to be written in a journal area.Specifically, the information to be written in a journal area impliespart of meta-data and offset (in the meta-data) of the part of meta-datain the whole meta-data. Then, the control unit 210 builds meta-databased on the information to be written in the journal area and storesthe meta-data in the entry 319 of the virtual volume management table221.

In the meta-data, matching information between a file on the file systemand a virtual address in a memory area on a virtual volume in which thefile is stored is contained. Accordingly, the control unit 210, byreferring to the meta-data, can identify the virtual address in thestorage area in the virtual volume in which the file is not stored.Then, the control unit 210, upon identifying a virtual address range inthe memory area on the virtual volume in which the file is not stored(i.e., it is not necessary to allocate the real region 132), retrievesthe virtual volume management table 221 based on such identified virtualaddress range, and identify the real region 132 which matches thevirtual address range concerned. Thereafter, the control unit 210, torelease the real region 132 thus identified, updates the virtual volumemanagement table 221, the access conversion table 224 and real regionmanagement table 222. Note that the updating processes of the virtualvolume management table 221, the access conversion table 224 and realregion management table 222 will be omitted here since the processes aresimilar to those described for the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the releasing process of thereal region 132 in the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows arrangements of a journal area, a meta-data area and afile, and a matching relationship between the virtual volume 100 and thereal region 132.

FIG. 8(1) shows the status before the size of a file 501 on a journaledfile system is reduced, while FIG. 8(2) shows the status after the file501 is updated and its size is reduced.

In the case where the size of the file 501 is reduced by updating thefile, the meta-data 502 that manages the file 501 to be reduced isupdated by the host processor when the files are updated. Prior to thisprocess, the host processor 12 writes information in a journal area 503in the virtual volume 100 to record the detailed process as a journallog. The meta-data 502 is also written in the journal area 503.Therefore, by reading out the meta-data written in the journal area 503,the control unit 210 recognizes, from the meta-data contents, that thefile 501 is updated, the size of the file is reduced, and the updatedfile is stored in the storage area shown in FIG. 8(2).

As a result, in the case of FIG. 8(2), recognizing that the storage areaon the virtual volume 100 that corresponds to a real region 132-4 willbecome empty, the control unit 210 can realize, by using the virtualvolume management table 211, that the real region 132-4 whichcorresponds to the storage area is releasable.

It should be noted that information showing in which storage area in thevirtual volume 100 each of all the files 501 in the file system isstored is registered with the meta-data 502. Therefore, the control unit210 can determine a storage area in empty status in a storage area inthe virtual volume 100 based on the information registered with themeta-data 502.

Further, the control unit 210, upon data being written in the journalarea 503, stores the latest meta-data developed from data written in thejournal area 503 in the entry 319 in the virtual volume management table221, and releases the real region 132-4 by referring to the latestmeta-data stored in the entry 319.

The above-described processes (1) reduction in file size by updating thefile 501, (2) writing of information in the journal area 503 as a resultof the file update, (3) creation of the latest meta-data based on thedata written in the journal area 503 and update of the entry 319 of thevirtual volume management table 211 based on the latest meta-data thuscreated, and (4) release of the real region 132-4 are executed in thisorder.

It should be noted that writing of the meta-data 502 by the hostprocessor 12 is executed asynchronously with processes by the controlunit 210 after completion of writing of information in the journal area503. Therefore, with the embodiment, the control unit 210 is designednot to read the meta-data 502 that is written by the host processor 12in the virtual volume 100, but to use such meta-data that is createdbased on the data written in the journal area 503 and stored in theentry 319 in the virtual volume management table 211.

It should also be noted that, in the above-described fourth embodiment,the description is made by way of example in which the file size isreduced by updating the file, but, in such a case where the real region132 becomes releasable by deleting the file 501, it is possible torelease the real region 132 by taking the similar method. Also in thecase where the file 501 is deleted, since the details (meta-data) of thedeletion process are recorded in the journal area, the control unit 210can release the real region 132 in the similar method as stated above.

As stated above, the control unit 210 is able to release the real region132 that corresponds to the storage area in which data is not actuallystored, in a storage area in the virtual volume 100.

[Fifth Embodiment]

Next, a fifth preferred embodiment according to the present inventionwill be described.

In the embodiment, the defrag processing program 214, the formatprocessing program 215, etc. which were executed by the virtualizationswitch 11 in the above-described second and third embodiments areexecuted by a dedicated computer.

In the embodiment, a dedicated server 15 which is a computer to becoupled to the virtualization switch 11 is added to the configuration ofthe first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The dedicated server 15,substituting the control unit 210, executes the defrag processingprogram 214 and the format processing program 215. The process capacityand the storage capacity of the control unit 210 are limited, and thenumber of the virtual volumes 100 and the number of associating filesystem types are also limited. Therefore, the dedicated server 15 isused to act for the control unit 210 to execute defragging andformatting processes.

Accordingly, in the fifth embodiment, the above-described defragprocessing program 214 and the format processing program 215 are notstored in the memory of the control unit 210 of the virtualizationswitch 11, and instead, a server linkage program 217 which is executedso that the control unit 210 can control communication between thededicated server 15 to be coupled to the virtualization switch 11 andthe virtualization switch 11 is stored in the memory.

The control unit 210, when executing the defrag process, executes theserver linkage program 217 instead of executing the defrag processingprogram 214, transmits a defrag process initiation request to thededicated server 15, and receives a list of emptied storage areas on thevirtual volume 100 from the dedicated server 15. Then, the control unit210 identifies the corresponding real region 132 from the list ofemptied storage areas by retrieving the virtual volume management table221, and releases the real region 132 thus identified.

The control unit 210, when executing the formatting process, executesthe server linkage program 217 instead of executing the formatprocessing program 215, and transmits a format process initiationrequest to the dedicated server 15. Subsequent processes of the controlunit 210 are similar to those of the third embodiment.

As stated in the above, with the embodiment, it is possible to reduceprocessing loads of the virtualization switch 11 by executing the defragprocess, the formatting process, etc. at the dedicated server 15. It istherefore possible to increase in the number of the virtual volumes 100managed by the virtualization switch 11, or the number of file systemtypes that can be handled by the virtualization switch 11.

[Sixth Embodiment]

Hereinafter, a sixth preferred embodiment will be described withreference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

The embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the point that thevirtualization switch 11 reports the total size of the unused realregion 132 to the host processor 12. The reasons are as follows:

In the embodiment, information showing that a predetermined size ofstorage area (virtual volume 100) is allocated to the host processor andbecomes usable when the virtual volume 100 is created or started to beused is notified to the host processor 12. Actually, however, the realregion 132 is not allocated over the entire virtual volume 100 that isallocated to the host processor concerned. Therefore, when trying tonewly allocate the real region 132 to the virtual volume 100 later, forexample, at the time of receiving a write request from the hostprocessor, it is likely that the real region 132 having a sufficientsize cannot be allocated due to insufficient size of the unused realregion 132.

Taking the above into consideration, the embodiment is devised to avoida situation where an empty real region 132 becomes insufficient at thetime of allocating the real region 132 to the virtual volume 100 byenabling the administrator to confirm the total size of the empty(unused) real region 132 that is ready for allocation and by adding astorage device 13, etc.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a free space management table 225 thevirtualization switch 11 has in the memory apparatus 220.

The free space management table 225 is a table in which a virtual volumeidentifier 332 and a free space 226 are enumerated. The free space 226is the total size of empty (i.e., unused) real region that can beallocated to the virtual volume 100 that is identified by a virtualvolume identifier paired therewith. The free space 226 is individuallyset by the system administrator. It should be noted that, in thisconnection, a value obtained by equally dividing the total size of allthe empty real regions 132 that are registered in the real regionmanagement table 222 by the total number of the virtual volumes 100 maybe set for the free space 226 of the free space management table 225.Alternatively, the free space 226 may be set according to the allocationratios set by the system administrator for the empty region 132 to eachof the virtual volumes 100. To put it simple, methods for setting thefree space 226 of each virtual volume 100 may be any method unless thetotal of the free space 226 exceeds the total size of all the empty realregions 132 that are registered in the real region management table 222.

The free space management table 225 will be designed to be referable asa special virtual volume (hereinafter referred to as a “free spacemanagement virtual volume”) from the host processor 12, and a virtualvolume identifier different from the virtual volume identifier alreadyallocated to the virtual volume 100 (hereinafter referred to as a “freespace management virtual volume identifier”) will be given as thevirtual volume identifier. The host processor 12, by using a command ina format similar to a regular I/O request, designates the free spacemanagement virtual volume identifier and transmits a read request of thefree space management table 225 to the virtualization switch 11. Thevirtualization switch, upon receiving the request, returns the contentof the free space management table 225.

Note that, the free space management virtual volume identifier isdirectly written in a free space display program to be described later,or the system administrator writes the identifier in the configurationfile on the host processor that is referred to by the free space displayprogram.

In addition, if the virtualization switch 11 and the host processor 12can communicate with each other via other communication means such as aLAN, the host processor 12 may execute reading of the free spacemanagement table 255 according to the communication means.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing processing procedures to be executed bythe control unit 210 when the unit receives an I/O request from the hostprocessor 12.

In FIG. 10, unlike the processes in FIG. 3, the control unit 210executes Step 2010 instead of executing Step 2006. In Step 2010, thecontrol unit 210 executes the virtual volume definition program 211,executes definition modification process of the virtual volume 100 as isthe case with Step 2006 in FIG. 3, and further updates the free spacemanagement table 225.

More specifically, in addition to the process of Step 2006, the controlunit 210 retrieves the free space management table 225 to find out thevirtual volume identifier 332 of the virtual volume 100 which is thetarget of the write request. Then, the control unit 210 subtracts, inStep 2010, the total size of the real region 132 allocated to thevirtual volume from the value of the free space 226 associated with thevirtual volume identifier 332, and writes the value thus obtained backto the free space 226.

On the other hand, the host processor 12 stores the free space displayprogram in the built-in memory. A CPU built in the host processor 12executes the free space display program to display, for theadministrator, the capacity of the real region that can be allocatedhereafter to the virtual volume 100 that is used by the host processor12. For the “capacity of the real region that can be allocatedhereafter”, among information of free space management table 225, thevalue of free space 226 of the virtual volume 100 concerned that isreceived by the host processor 12 from the virtualization switch 11 willbe used.

As stated above, with the embodiment, the administrator is able torecognize the total size of the real region 132 that can be allocated tothe virtual volume 100.

It should be noted that the method described in the embodiment can alsobe applicable to the above-described second to fifth embodiments. Itshould also be noted that, the descriptions in the above-stated first tosixth embodiments have been made by exemplifying the switch as a deviceto realize virtualization. However, such a device is not limited to theswitch, but the device may be another device such as a computer orrouter.

1. A system for storing data comprising: a virtualization apparatuscoupled to a computer; and a plurality of storage devices coupled tosaid virtualization apparatus; wherein said virtualization apparatusissues, in response to a request from said computer, a notice that apredetermined size of a virtual volume has been allocated to saidcomputer, upon receiving an access request issued by said computer tosaid virtual volume, allocates storage areas existing in said pluralityof storage devices, converts the access request received from saidcomputer to an access request addressed to a storage device having thestorage areas allocated to said virtual volume, and transmits the accessrequest to said storage device.
 2. A system of claim 1, wherein saidnotice that the predetermined size of the virtual volume has beenallocated contains a virtual volume identifier and a size of saidvirtual volume, upon receiving the access request having said virtualvolume identifier from said computer, said virtualization apparatusallocates storage areas existing in said plurality of storage device tothe virtual volume that is identified by said virtual volume identifier,converts the access request received from said computer to an accessrequest addressed to a storage device having the storage areas allocatedto said virtual volume, and transmits the access request to said storagedevice.
 3. A system of claim 2, wherein said virtualization apparatushas an access conversion table which shows matching relationshipsbetween a the virtual volume and the storage areas in said plurality ofstorage devices that are allocated to said virtual volume, and when thestorage areas existing in said plurality of storage devices areallocated to said virtual volume, updates said access conversion table.4. A system of claim 3, wherein said virtualization apparatus converts,by referring to the updated access conversion table, the access requestreceived from said computer, and transmits the converted access requestto the storage device.
 5. A system of claim 3, wherein saidvirtualization apparatus updates said access conversion table, andreleases allocation of storage areas, among storage areas allocated tothe virtual volume, that are no more used by said computer.
 6. A systemof claim 2, wherein said virtualization apparatus, at the time ofwriting management data based on initialization of a file system,allocates a storage area having a smaller capacity than the storage areaavailable at the time of receiving an access request from said computerto said virtual volume, and writes the management data in the storagearea thus allocated.
 7. A system of claim 6, wherein said virtualizationapparatus uses log information of the file system to identify storageareas that are no longer used by said computer, among the storage areasthat are allocated to the virtual volume.
 8. A system of claim 2,wherein said virtualization apparatus further has a free spacemanagement table in which a capacity of empty storage areas existing insaid plurality of storage devices that is ready for allocation to avirtual volume is recorded, and outputs information that is recorded insaid free space management table to said computer.
 9. A system of claim8, wherein said virtualization apparatus updates said free spacemanagement table when storage areas existing in said plurality ofstorage devices are allocated to the virtual volume.